Titre : | Europe's onshore and offshore wind energy potential : An assessment of environmental and economic constraints |
Auteurs : | H. Eerens, Editeur scientifique C. Coppens, Auteur H. Gordijn, Auteur |
Editeur : | Copenhague : Agence européenne pour l'environnement |
Année de publication : | 2009 |
Collection : | EEA Technical Report, ISSN 1725-2237 |
Présentation physique : | 85p.(+tb+gh+flch+bibl) |
ISBN/ISSN/EAN : | 978-92-9213-000-8 |
Mots clés : |
TEIN
DIVE ENVI AGRI PROT EVAL ENER CEEU COUT BENE LONG TERM SUBS CARB BIOL DEGA PABA DANE |
Note générale : | D |
Résumé : | This report provides a Europe-wide resource assessment of onshore and offshore wind potential in a geographically explicit manner. In addition to calculating raw wind resource potential, this study also introduces and quantitatively analyses the[...] This report provides a Europe-wide resource assessment of onshore and offshore wind potential in a geographically explicit manner. In addition to calculating raw wind resource potential, this study also introduces and quantitatively analyses the environmental and social constraints on wind sector development. Concerns addressed include the noise and visual impact of wind power, as well as the deaths of birds and bats that fly into rotor blades. The report also evaluates the future costs of wind energy production across Europe in order to gauge the potential output at competitive rates.The report structure is the following : Chapter 2 describes the methodology applied in this study for determining the technical potential. It presents the load hours calculated and uncertainties concerning terrain. Chapter 3 presents the technical potential results for both on shore and offshore wind energy. In Chapter 4 the wind data projections are tested against empirical observations to reveal uncertainties. Chapter 5 analyses 'constrained potential' where environmental and social constraints are taken into account. Chapter 6 evaluates the economics of future wind turbine technology. This chapter further analyses the economically competitive potential that can be realised cost-effectively in the light of the projected average energy costs in the future. Current wind energy penetration levels in Denmark and the Netherlands are demonstrated in Chapter 7 to reach a 'feasible penetration level' that may be used as a proxy to reflect social constraints on land. Chapter 8 presents the uncertainties and future challenges. |
Exemplaires (1)
Code-barres | Cote | Support | Localisation | Section | Disponibilité | Fonds spéciaux | Note publique |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
700018822 | B/VI/DANE/4/14 | Papier | Bibliothèque de l'Agriculture | Fonds Agriculture | En rayon Disponible |