Titre : | The new context of the agricultural debate in Europe |
Auteurs : | F. Dehousse, Auteur P. Timmerman, Auteur |
Editeur : | Gent : Academia press |
Année de publication : | 2008 |
Collection : | Egmont paper |
Présentation physique : | 41p. |
ISBN/ISSN/EAN : | 978-90-382-1289-0 |
Mots clés : |
POLI
AGRI CEEU HIST REFO |
Note générale : | D |
Résumé : | The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union (EU) was created in the early 1960s. During its first three decades, it was very successful, and European agriculture produced large surplus rather than deficits by the 1980s. This led t[...] The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union (EU) was created in the early 1960s. During its first three decades, it was very successful, and European agriculture produced large surplus rather than deficits by the 1980s. This led to ever increasing market interventions in order to buy the surpluses and to subsidize the exports. Opponents of the CAP were thus offered useful arguments to question the budgetary and ethical consequences of the policy. In the framework of international trade negotiations in the GATT, and later WTO, the CAP also became unacceptable due to its increasing trade distorting character. The combination of internal European and international criticism led to three major CAP reforms since 1992. The first reform in 1992 reduced the level of the intervention prices of cereals, oilseeds and protein products, dairy products, beef, sheep and goat and tobacco. As compensatory measure, farmers were entitled to direct payments based on previous yields so their income was guaranteed, notwithstanding their lower level of production. Other mechanisms to reduce production were also introduced, such as a scheme to set aside arable land, an afforestation scheme, an early retirement scheme and an agri-environment scheme.A second large reform was approved in 1999, better known as the Agenda 2000 reform. The emphasis of CAP shifted further to direct income payments instead of production-based support. The reforms focused on the grain, beef, oilseeds and dairy common market organisations (CMOs). Besides, a budgetary framework was introduced by the Agenda 2000 reforms for the period 2000-2006, with fixed annual expenditure ceilings. Nonetheless, the most important change was the introduction of a double pillar structure to finance CAP expenditures. The first pillar, the Guarantee section, consisted of market measures and direct income payments to farmers. The second pillar, the Guidance section,focused on rural development measures. Although the budgetary implications of this shift were initially modest, it was an important change in the overall orientation of CAP. A comprehensive rural development policy was designed, which included elements such as environmentally friendly agriculture, food safety and animal welfare. The CAP enters a new phase, linked to diverse evolutions. It is important to understand them. Different elements must be taken into consideration: the last 2003 reform (§ 1), the subsequent adaptations (§ 2), the evaluations (§ 3), the evolution of the international markets (§ 4). |
Exemplaires (1)
Code-barres | Cote | Support | Localisation | Section | Disponibilité | Fonds spéciaux | Note publique |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
700019837 | B/VI/BELG/199/149 | Papier | Bibliothèque de l'Agriculture | Fonds Agriculture | En rayon Disponible |